The Pandemic in Latin America and the challenges of Human Rights

The purpose of the present study is to know the impacts of Covid19 on the structures of governmental institutions in Latin America and the effects on Human Rights in terms of health and education, for example. For the analysis, we consider some elements such as the functioning of political parties, the arbitrariness of power, fiscal transparency and public spending, allowing us to take a picture of the reality to be studied regarding the quality of democracy in these countries, and also considering the cooperation efforts, in the normative and institutional scopes inside and out. As we seek to relate Human Rights and Democracy, we focus on the ethical dimension of the new challenges facing Latin America. The exposition, sometimes detailed, of situations that illustrate the malfunctioning of institutions came from observation and review of a diverse literature, and from different perspectives specifically in the scope of International Relations. © 2022, UNIV CARLOSIII MADRID. All rights reserved.

CHINA'S TIANXIA AND FOREIGN POLICY IN THE PANDEMIC CONTEXT

The Covid-19 pandemic as a global threat has made it possible to gain a dynamic perspective on the behavior of States, and some light on the new international scenario. In this context, it has become clear that People's Republic of China (PRC) and the West are competitors in more than one area, and that it will be necessary to cooperate with the Asian giant for global stability/balance. In this article, we propose a retrospective (historical) look at the centralized State of China, and then characterize the current regime in that country. In the context of Chinese theories of International Relations, we propose to develop the concept of tianxia as a guide for the definition of a political strategy, considering the criticisms and limitations to the application of that same concept. Still in the pandemic context, we propose a reading of the political actions taken by the Chinese regime. The study of tianxia, whatever international scenario is set, may help us to understand some of the historical foundations of what PRC is today. © 2022, Observare. All rights reserved.